Engineering Blueprint · Industrial Process Documentation

The EXLUBA
Process Architecture

A closed-loop industrial system converting used lubricant feedstock into API-certified base oils and finished lubricant products through six controlled engineering phases, each governed by ASTM methodology and strict quality gate protocols.

01
Collection &
Feedstock
Network Intake
02
Lab Intake
Analysis
ASTM Protocol
03
Vacuum
Distillation
Re-Refining
04
Hydrotreating
& Finishing
Catalytic
05
Additive
Blending
Formulation
06
Quality
Release
COA Issuance
6 Controlled
Process Stages
10+ ASTM Test Methods
Per Batch
API Group I & II
Output Classification
<10 ppm Residual
Metal Ceiling
90% Feedstock
Recovery Rate
Phase 01 — Collection & Feedstock Intake
Feedstock Sourcing & Logistics

Controlled Aggregation
of Used Industrial Oils

EXLUBA's collection network operates under a structured supplier qualification framework. Used lubricants — including automotive crankcases, hydraulic system drains, metalworking fluids, and industrial gear oils — are aggregated from certified industrial sources across the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

All incoming feedstock is transported in dedicated, sealed collection vehicles meeting ADR hazardous materials handling standards. Containers are tracked from collection point to facility gate via a documented chain-of-custody system, ensuring full traceability for environmental compliance and feedstock quality assurance purposes.

Feedstock Acceptance Criteria Pre-Intake Protocol
Parameter Acceptance Limit Action if Exceeded
Water Content < 5% v/v Pre-dehydration required
PCB Contamination < 50 ppm Reject — hazardous stream
Halogen Content < 1,000 ppm Segregate for treatment
Flash Point > 40°C Isolated handling protocol
Sediment / Sludge < 3% w/w Settlement tank routing
Viscosity @ 40°C 15–350 mm²/s Blending stream adjustment
Collection Source Classification Active Network
Primary — Industrial Facilities

Petrochemical plants, manufacturing complexes, power generation facilities. Scheduled high-volume collection under long-term service agreements.

Typical Batch: 5,000–20,000L per collection
Secondary — Fleet & Transport

Heavy transport operators, construction fleets, marine equipment. Collected at maintenance intervals per client-specific waste management protocols.

Typical Batch: 500–5,000L per collection
Tertiary — Government & Municipal

Saudi government facilities, municipalities, and public sector entities. Compliance-driven collection under NCBE-registered service agreements.

Typical Batch: 200–2,000L per collection
Phase 02 — Laboratory Intake Analysis
ASTM-Protocol Batch Testing

Quantitative Feedstock
Classification & Routing

Every incoming batch is assigned a unique batch reference number and subjected to a mandatory intake analysis protocol before it is permitted to enter the re-refining process stream. This laboratory gate prevents off-specification or hazardous feedstock from contaminating production equipment or downstream product quality.

Analysis results determine the optimal processing path: direct distillation, pre-treatment blending, or rejection for specialist hazardous waste handling. The EXLUBA laboratory operates certified test procedures conforming to ASTM International methodology with full batch traceability documentation.

24-Hour Turnaround

Batch analysis completed within 24 hours of receipt. Results trigger immediate processing routing decisions.

Batch Traceability System

Every test result is linked to a unique batch reference from collection point through to final product COA.

Full ASTM Documentation

Intake analysis reports available to clients as part of the Certificate of Analysis (COA) package on request.

EXLUBA_LAB :: INTAKE_ANALYSIS_PROTOCOL RUNNING
// Batch Intake Analysis — ASTM Protocol Suite
// All tests mandatory before process routing
WATER_CONTENT ASTM D95 PASS <5%
FLASH_POINT ASTM D93 PASS >40°C
KINEMATIC_VISCOSITY ASTM D445 PASS 15–350
PCB_CONTAMINATION IEC 61619 PASS <50ppm
HALOGEN_CONTENT ASTM D7359 PASS <1000ppm
METAL_ICP_SCREEN ASTM D5185 PASS —
SEDIMENT_CONTENT ASTM D473 PASS <3%
COLOUR_CLASSIFICATION ASTM D1500 RECORD
// Routing determination complete
PROCESS_ROUTE → DISTILLATION_STREAM_A
BATCH_REF EX-2025-[XXXXXX]
STATUS APPROVED_FOR_PROCESSING
Phase 03 — Vacuum Distillation & Re-Refining
Distillation Column — Fraction Zones Operating
Light Fractions Vacuum Head Fuel / Solvent Cuts
SN 100 / SN 150 250–300°C API Group I Light Neutral
SN 500 / SN 600 300–360°C API Group I Heavy Neutral ✦ Primary
Group II Base 360–420°C API Group II — Hydrotreating Feed
Bright Stock / Residue Column Bottom Process Fuel Recovery
System Vacuum 1–5 mmHg
Max Column Temp 420°C
Feed Rate Batch Controlled
Residence Time Process-Specific
Separation & Recovery Engineering

High-Vacuum Fractional
Distillation Operations

EXLUBA's re-refining core process employs high-vacuum distillation technology to thermally separate used oil feedstock into discrete hydrocarbon fractions without oxidative degradation. Operating at vacuum pressures of 1–5 mmHg, the system achieves separation temperatures significantly lower than atmospheric boiling points, preserving the integrity of recovered base oil molecular structures.

Pre-treated feedstock enters the distillation column following dehydration and de-asphalting. Fractional cuts are extracted at controlled temperature intervals across the column height. Heavy neutral fractions destined for API Group I production undergo additional clay treatment, while Group II target fractions proceed directly to the catalytic hydrotreating unit.

Distillation Operating Parameters Reference Data
Parameter Operating Range Control Standard
Column Operating Pressure 1–5 mmHg Vacuum system continuous
Feed Preheat Temperature 180–220°C Feed furnace PID control
Light Neutral Cut Point 250–300°C Side-draw controlled
Heavy Neutral Cut Point 300–360°C Primary product draw
Group II Fraction Cut 360–420°C Hydrotreater feed
Bottom Residue >420°C Process fuel recovery
Phase 04 — Catalytic Hydrotreating & Product Finishing
Catalytic Process Chemistry

Precision Hydrotreating for API Group II
Base Oil Specification Achievement

Distillate fractions targeted for API Group II classification undergo catalytic hydrotreating — a hydrogen-assisted refining process that systematically removes sulphur, nitrogen, oxygen, and residual metal contaminants while saturating aromatic rings to improve oxidation stability and viscosity index. This stage determines final product grade and is the primary quality differentiator between Group I and Group II base oil classifications.

Catalyst System
NiMo / CoMo
Nickel-molybdenum and cobalt-molybdenum alumina-supported catalysts for deep hydrodesulphurisation and denitrification. Regenerable for extended service life.
Operating Temp: 300–380°C LHSV: Process-specific
Hydrogen Partial Pressure
40–80 bar
High-pressure hydrogen atmosphere maintained throughout the reactor bed to drive saturation reactions. Recycle gas system maximises hydrogen utilisation and minimises consumption.
H₂ Purity: ≥99% Recycle Ratio: Process-optimised
Sulphur Reduction
>90%
Hydrodesulphurisation converts thiophenic and mercaptan sulphur compounds to H₂S gas, achieving residual sulphur levels below 300 ppm — meeting API Group II specification requirements.
Target: <300 ppm S Test: ASTM D4294
Viscosity Index Improvement
≥95 VI
Aromatic ring saturation via hydrogenation improves viscosity-temperature behaviour. Post-hydrotreating VI consistently meets or exceeds API Group II minimum specification of 80, targeting ≥95.
Test: ASTM D2270 Group II Min: VI 80
Metal Contaminant Removal
<10 ppm
Guard reactor bed captures residual metal species (Fe, Ca, Zn, Pb) remaining after distillation. ICP analysis per ASTM D5185 confirms metals below 10 ppm in all product streams prior to release.
Test: ASTM D5185 ICP Target: <10 ppm total
Product Colour Achievement
<2.0
Hydrotreatment decolourises the product by removing aromatic and polyaromatic colour bodies. ASTM D1500 colour rating below 2.0 confirms completion of the finishing stage and product quality suitability.
Test: ASTM D1500 Target: <2.0 ASTM colour
Phase 05 — Precision Additive Blending
Formulation Engineering

Additive Dosing Architecture
for Finished Lubricant Production

Re-refined and virgin API-certified base oils serve as the foundation for EXLUBA's finished lubricant product range. Each formulation is developed against a target performance specification — API service category, viscosity grade, and application profile — and executed through a closed-tank, metered-dosing blending system.

Additive packages are sourced from qualified international suppliers and pre-approved through EXLUBA's additive qualification protocol before incorporation into production blends. Dosing ratios are controlled gravimetrically with batch-level verification against the approved blend sheet prior to product release.

API SN / SN+ Engine Oil Classifications
GL-4 / GL-5 Gear Oil API Service
ISO VG 32–680 Industrial Viscosity Range
ACEA A3/B4 European OEM Standard
Additive Dosing Sequence — Standard Blend Formulation Protocol
01
Base Oil Charge API Group I / II Re-Refined

Measured quantity of certified base oil loaded to heated blending vessel. Temperature maintained at 60–70°C to reduce viscosity for efficient mixing.

Gravimetric metering · ±0.1% tolerance
02
Viscosity Index Improver (VII) Polymethacrylate / OCP Polymer

VII addition controls the viscosity-temperature relationship of the finished product, achieving the target multi-grade viscosity classification (e.g., 5W-40, 10W-40).

Shear stability index verified: ASTM D6278
03
Detergent / Dispersant Package Overbased Sulphonate + PIBSA Dispersant

Maintains engine cleanliness by suspending soot and combustion deposits in the oil film. Overbased detergent provides acid-neutralising reserve (TBN contribution).

TBN target: ASTM D2896 per grade specification
04
Antiwear / EP Additives ZDDP / MoDTC / Phosphate Ester

Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP) provides primary antiwear and antioxidant function. EP additives activate under boundary lubrication conditions in gear and hydraulic applications.

4-Ball Wear Scar: ASTM D4172 per grade
05
Antioxidant System Hindered Phenol + Aromatic Amine

Dual antioxidant system provides primary and secondary oxidation protection, extending the service life of the lubricant under high-temperature operating conditions.

Oxidation stability: ASTM D943 / RBOT D2272
06
Final Blend Verification Pre-Release QA Protocol

Completed blend is sampled and submitted for full laboratory analysis before packaging authorisation is issued. Viscosity, TBN, flash point, and colour must match the approved product specification.

COA issuance upon analytical sign-off
Phase 06 — Quality Assurance Gate Matrix
Process Quality Gates

Six-Stage QA Checkpoint
Protocol

EXLUBA's quality system embeds laboratory checkpoints at each stage of the processing chain — not solely at product release. This multi-gate approach catches process deviations early, minimises waste, and ensures the integrity of every batch from feedstock intake through to final product COA issuance.

10+ ASTM Tests
Per Batch
6 Process Quality
Gates
100% Batches Tested
Before Release
Test / Parameter G1
Intake
G2
Pre-Dist
G3
Distillate
G4
Post-HT
G5
Blend
G6
Release
Water Content ASTM D95
Flash Point ASTM D93
Kinematic Viscosity ASTM D445
Viscosity Index ASTM D2270
Colour ASTM ASTM D1500
Sulphur Content ASTM D4294
Metal ICP Screen ASTM D5185
Pour Point ASTM D97
Total Base Number ASTM D2896
PCB Contamination IEC 61619
Required checkpoint    Conditional checkpoint    Empty cell = not applicable at this gate
Environmental Process Performance
Process-Level Environmental Data

Circular Economy
Performance Metrics

EXLUBA's re-refining process generates quantifiable environmental benefits relative to virgin crude-derived lubricant production. Every ton of used oil processed through the EXLUBA facility displaces an equivalent volume of primary crude extraction, reducing the total lifecycle carbon intensity of the lubricant supply chain.

Process by-products — including light hydrocarbon cuts and recovered sludge fractions — are directed to controlled energy recovery systems rather than landfill or uncontrolled disposal. The facility operates under Saudi NCBE environmental compliance protocols with documented waste stream tracking.

KSA Industrial Core
Regulatory Framework Saudi NCBE · ISO 14001 Aligned
Waste Classification Full stream documentation per NCBE Category A
By-Product Disposition Energy recovery · Zero uncontrolled disposal
90%
Feedstock Recovery Rate

90% of incoming used oil feedstock is converted into saleable base oil fractions or recovered by-products. The remaining 10% is directed to controlled energy recovery, achieving near-zero waste-to-landfill performance.

Verified vs Industry Avg 65–75%
CO₂
38%
Verified Emissions Reduction

Re-refining used lubricating oil requires approximately 60–70% less energy than processing crude oil to equivalent base oil specification, resulting in a measurable carbon intensity reduction per unit of output produced.

Verified vs Virgin Base Oil Production
12,000T
Annual Circular Volume

12,000 metric tons of used industrial lubricants processed annually through the closed-loop EXLUBA facility — displacing equivalent primary crude extraction volume from the regional lubricant supply chain.

Annual Target KSA + GCC Collection Zone

Request the Full Process Technical Brief

Detailed engineering documentation, laboratory protocol specifications, and quality system overviews available to qualified industrial partners and procurement teams on request.